Saturday, August 10, 2013

The Indoor Positioning System——My Graduation Project

Time:Dec.2012-June.2013

The aim of this project is to develop a 3D indoor real-time positioning system used on fast moving objects like MAVs(micro air vehicles). The positioning information can be demonstrated on an upper computer in real time in an easy-to-read way. All the communication and data transferring are accomplished wirelessly.
It’s part of our indoor quadrotor program. The whole program was inspired by the MAV researches carried by MIT and UPenn.

Technologies and tools involved in this project
Msp430, Altium Designer, Labview, Zigbee, Ultrasonic generator and detector, CCS, GPS, 433 communication module.

My positioning method is to deploy a group of reference nodes inside a certain space, and measure its distance to the moving node. Each of them contains a microcontroller, a Zigbee wireless communication module and sensors for distance measuring. With the extension of space, the number of node increases, so each node sshould carry the traits of low cost, low power consumption, and fast speed.

Each reference node grasps the signal from the moving node, measures the distance between them, and transfers the distance information to a central PC. I put the 3D position calculation work on the central PC to utilize its advantage in speed over microcontrollers.
The reference and the moving node
Reference Node

MSP430 G2433 microcontroller. MSP430 serial, with its reputation on ultralow power consumption and cost of less than 2 bucks.
Zigbee module. Long distance, capable of self-organizing, with maximum of 65530 nodes in a wireless network.
Ultrasonic detector.
433 receiver. An off-the-shelf module, to compose the distance measuring part. In pair with the transmitter.

Moving Node



MSP430 G2433.
Zigbee module.
Ultrasonic transmitter(top). Emit a 60 degree ultrasound sphere so that detectors on different directions can receive the signal.
433 transmitter. 

The moving node is designed to be light-weight. I designed a PCB with Altium Designer to enclose all the components, make the little node looks neat and compact, easy to be mounted on MAVs as well as other moving robots and objects.

The PC controller

PC Interface


Zigbee with a serial to USB board, the PC just need a USB port to communicate with the network.


User Interface

I wrote this User interface with Labview, and G-Language provided by NI. It can stop and run the positioning process. The 3D coordinates will be displayed in number. I kept the raw data from nodes on display for inspect.



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